Monoclonal Antibody to Cytochrome C(Clone 7H8.2C12)

Background
In addition to its well-known role in electron transport, cytochrome c (CYT) has been identified as a mediator of apoptosis or programmed cell death (1). Cytochrome c translocates from mitochondria into the cytoplasm in the early phases of apoptosis and plays a role in initiation of the apoptotic proteolytic cascade by activating caspase-3 (2).  Cytochrome c has been shown to bind Apaf-1. Apaf-1 has also been shown to activate capase-3 (3).

Antigen
Synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acids 1-80, 81-104 and 66-104 of pigeon CYT were used as the immunogen (Jemmerson et al. 1991). The antibody recognizes an epitope within amino acids 93-104 of pigeon cytochrome C based on competitive ELISA results (Jemmerson et al. 1991).

Application Notes
This antibody recognizes total cytochrome C which includes both apocytochrome (i.e. cytochrome in the cytosol without heme attached) and holocytochrome (i.e cytochrome in the mitochondria with heme attached).

Genebank Info (Protein)
123,123

Reference
1. Fernandes-Alnemri, T., Litwack, G., and Alnemri, ES.  J. Biol. Chem. 269: 30761-30764 (1994). PMID: 7983002.
2. Liu, X., Kim, CN, Yang, J., Jemmersen, R., and Wang, X. Cell 86: 147-157 (1996). PMID: 8689682.
3. Zou, H., Henzel, WJ, Liu, X., Lutschg, A., and Wang, X. Cell 90: 405-413 (1997). PMID: 9267021.
4. Jemmersen, R. Johnson, J.G., Burell, E., Taylor, P.S., and Jemkins, M.K.  Eur. J. Immunol. 21: 143-151 (1991). PMID: 1846813.