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Datasheet

 
Monoclonal antibody to TRF2 (TTAGGG repeat binding factor 2)
Cat.No
IMG-124A
Description
TRF2
Format
Purified
Unit
0.1 mg
Price(USD)
240.00
MSDS
View MSDS
Catalog No : IMG-124A
Contents : 100 ug in 200 ul PBS containing 0.05% BSA and 0.05% sodium azide. Sodium azide is highly toxic.
Isotype : Mouse IgG1, Kappa
Clone : 4A794.15
Purification : Protein G Chromatography
Species : Human, Mouse, Muntjac (deer), Rat
Host : Mouse
Storage
Store at 4°C. For long term storage, store at -20°C.

Background
TRF2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein that is implicated in the control of telomere length (1). TRF2, like TRF1 contains a Myb-related DNA binding motif. It binds to duplex TTAGGG repeats and is localized to all human telomeres in metaphase chromosomes (1). TRF2 is thought to protect chromosome ends by maintaining the correct structure at telomere termini (2). The use of mutant forms of TRF2 has implicated a role for TRF2 in the prevention of senescence in primary human cells (2). Recently, it has been shown that inhibition of TRF2 resulted in apoptosis in a subset of mammalian cell types (3).

Antigen
Full-length TRF2 protein was used as immunogen.

Application Notes
1. TLR2 may be detected as a single band or as a doublet in western blot. Okabe et al (2000) described the doublet as 65 and 69 kDa using clone 4A794.15 (IMG-124A). However, observed molecular weights could vary depending on molecular weight standards used and gel conditions.

Genebank Info (Protein)
NP_005643

 

Western blot analysis of TRF2 in human Jurkat cell lysate using IMG-124A at 2 ug/ml. IMGENEX’s goat anti-mouse Ig HRP secondary antibody (IMGENEX, 20101) and PicoTect ECL substrate solution (IMGENEX, 10087K) were used for this test.

Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of TRF2 in 10^6 human Jurkat cells using 0.1 ug of IMG-124A. The shaded histogram represents cells alone, blue represents isotype control and red represents IMG-124A, anti-TRF2.  IMGENEX's intracellular flow kit (IMGENEX, 10083K) was used for this test, and an anti-mouse IgG PE conjugated secondary (IMGENEX, 20103).

Immunofluorescent staining of TRF2-bound telomeres in human HeLa cells (Courtesy of Fotiadou, et al, 2004).

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Reference
1. Broccoli, D., et al.  Nature Genetics 17:231-239 (1997).
2. Van Steensel, B., et al.  Cell 92:401-413 (1998).
3. Karlseder, J., et al.  Science 283: 1321-1325 (1999).


Product Citations
1. The Bloom syndrome helicase BLM interacts with TRF2 in ALT cells and promotes telomeric DNA synthesis. Dimitrios J. Stavropoulos, Paul S. Bradshaw, Xiaobin Li, Ivan Pasic, Kevin Truong, Mitsuhiko Ikura, Mark Ungrin, and M. Stephen Meyn. Hum. Mol. Genet., 11: 3135-3144 (2002). (Human, Western blot)
2. Characterization of the telomere complex, TERF1 and TERF2 genes in muntjac species with fusion karyotypes. Nils Hartmanna and Harry Scherthan. Experimental Cell Research. 306 (1): 64-74 (2005). [Muntjac (deer), Immunofluorescence)]
3. Telomere-binding Protein TRF2 Binds to and Stimulates the Werner and Bloom Syndrome Helicases. Patricia L. Opresko, Cayetano von Kobbe, Jean-Philippe Laine, Jeanine Harrigan, Ian D. Hickson, and Vilhelm A. Bohr. J. Biol. Chem, 277: 41110-41119 (2002). 1. WB,  HeLa nuclear extracts, Fig 1D. 2. Immunofluoresence, U-2 OS nucleus, Fig 2A.
4. Role for the Related Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases Tankyrase 1 and 2 at Human Telomeres. Brandoch D. Cook, Jasmin N. Dynek, William Chang, Grigoriy Shostak, and Susan Smith. Mol. Cell. Biol., 22: 332-342 (2002). (Human, Western blot, Immunofluorescence)
5. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae WRN homolog Sgs1p participates in telomere maintenance in cells lacking telomerase. F.Brad Johnson, Robert A. Marciniak, Mitch McVey, Sheila A. Stewart, William C. Hahn, and Leonard Guarente. EMBO J., 20: 905–913 (2001). (Human, Immunofluorescence)
6. Mammalian Meiotic Telomeres: Protein Composition and Redistribution in Relation to Nuclear Pores. Harry Scherthan, Martin Jerratsch, Bibo Li, Susan Smith, Maj Hultén, Tycho Lock, and Titia de Lange. Mol. Biol. Cell, 11: 4189-4203 (2000).  IHC (frozen), human testis, Fig 4A.
7. Telomeric Proteins Regulate Episomal Maintenance of Epstein-Barr Virus Origin of Plasmid Replication. Zhong Deng, Larissa Lezina, Chi-Ju Chen, Svetlana Shtivelband, Wingkan So, and Paul M. Lieberman. Molecular Cell, 9, 493-503 (2002).
8. Telomere repeat binding factors TRF1, TRF2, and hRAP1 mdulate replication of Epstein-Barr Virus OriP. Deng Z , Atanasiu C, Burg JS, Broccoli D, and Lieberman PM. JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, 77(22) 11992–12001 (2003). Human Raji cells (WB, Fig 2), (ChIP, Figs 3B and 4B); The TRF2 antibody was siRNA validated by WB of of cell extracts derived from siRNA-transfected/vector-transfected cells (Fig 6B).
9. Functional Subdomain in the Ankyrin Domain of Tankyrase 1 Required for Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation of TRF1 and Telomere Elongation. Hiroyuki Seimiya, Yukiko Muramatsu, Susan Smith, and Takashi Tsuruo. Molecular and Cellular Biology, Vol. 24 (5): 1944-1955 (2004).
10. DNA Polymerase ß Interacts with TRF2 and Induces Telomere Dysfunction in a Murine Mammary Cell Line. Poppy Fotiadou, Octavian Henegariu, and Joann B. Sweasy. Cancer Res., 64: 3830-3837 (2004). (Mouse, Western blot, Immunofluorescence)
11. TIN2 mediates functions of TRF2 at human telomeres. Sahn-Ho Kim, Christian Beausejour, Albert R. Davalos, Patrick Kaminker, Seok-Jin Heo, and Judith Campisi. J. Biol. Chem., Aug 2004; 10.1074/jbc.M408650200. (Human, Western blot, Immunofluorescence)
12. Regulation of WRN helicase activity in human base excision repair. Byungchan Ahn, Jeanine A. Harrigan, Fred E. Indig, David M. Wilson, III, and Vilhelm A. Bohr. J. Biol. Chem 279: 53465-53474 (2004) . Immunofluorescense, U-2 osteosarcoma cells, Fig 4.
13. A Dynamic Molecular Link between the Telomere Length Regulator TRF1 and the Chromosome End Protector TRF2. Benjamin R. Houghtaling, Leanora Cuttonaro, William Chang, and Susan Smith. Current Biology, Vol. 14: 1621–1631 (2004).  (Human, Immunoprecipitation, Western blot)
14. Accumulation and altered localization of telomere-associated protein TRF2 in immortally transformed and tumor-derived human breast cells. Tarlochan Nijjar, Ekaterina Bassett, James Garbe, Yasuhiro Takenaka, Martha R Stampfer, David Gilley and Paul Yaswen.  Oncogene 24: 3369-3376 (2005). IMGENEX products cited:
1. TRF2 (IMG-124A): WB, numerous breast cancer cell lines, Fig 1.
2. RAP1 (IMG-272): WB, HMEC cells, Fig 2.  
15. Higher-order nuclear organization in growth arrest of human mammary epithelial cells: a novel role for telomere-associated protein TIN2. Patrick Kaminker, Cedric Plachot, Sahn-Ho Kim, Peter Chung, Danielle Crippen, Ole W. Petersen, Mina J. Bissell, Judith Campisi, and Sophie A. Lelièvre. J. Cell Sci., Mar 2005; 10.1242/jcs.01709.
16. Tankyrase 1 as a target for telomere-directed molecular cancer therapeutics. Hiroyuki Seimiya, Yukiko Muramatsu, Tomokazu Ohishi and Takashi Tsuruo. Cancer Cell, 7 (1): 25-37 (2005).
17. Multiple Mechanisms of Telomere Maintenance Exist in Liposarcomas. Jay E. Johnson, Robert J. Varkonyi, Jaclyn Schwalm, Ryan Cragle, Andres Klein-Szanto, Arthur Patchefsky, Edna Cukierman, Margaret von Mehren, and Dominique Broccoli. Clin. Cancer Res., Aug 2005; 11: 5347 - 5355. (Immunofluroscence)
18. DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of the human telomere-associated protein TRF2. Hiromi Tanaka, Marc S. Mendonca, Paul S. Bradshaw, Derek J. Hoelz, Linda H. Malkas, M. Stephen Meyn, and David Gilley. PNAS, Oct 2005; 10.1073/pnas.0507915102.
19. hSnm1B is a novel telomere-associated protein. Brian D. Freibaum and Christopher M. Counter. J. Biol. Chem 281: 15033-15036 (2006).
1. Immunofluorescence, TRF2 transiently transfected 293T cells, Fig 1.
2. WB, TRF2 transfected 293T cells were IP'ed with GFP antibody and results were western blotted, Fig 3A.  
Note: TRF2 was transfected validated with immunofluorescence (Fig 1) and WB (Fig 3A).  
20. PML nuclear bodies are highly organised DNA-protein structures with a function in heterochromatin remodelling at the G2 phase.
Judith J. Luciani, Danielle Depetris, Yves Usson, Catherine Metzler-Guillemain, Cecile Mignon-Ravix, Michael J. Mitchell, Andre Megarbane, Pierre Sarda, Huseyin Sirma, Anne Moncla, Jean Feunteun, and Marie-Genevieve Mattei. J. Cell Sci., May 2006; 10.1242/jcs.02965.
21. TRF2 inhibition triggers apoptosis and reduces tumorigenicity of human melanoma cells. Annamaria Biroccio, Angela Rizzo, Raffaella Elli, Catherine-Elaine Koering, Aurélie Belleville, et al. European Journal of Cancer, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 5 June 2006.
22. FLASH is required for histone transcription and S-phase progression. D. Barcaroli, L. Bongiorno-Borbone, A. Terrinoni, T. G. Hofmann, M. Rossi, R. A. Knight, A. G. Matera, G. Melino, and V. De Laurenzi. PNAS, 103: 14808-14812 (2006).
23. Changes in lamina structure are followed by spatial reorganization of heterochromatic regions in caspase-8-activated human mesenchymal stem cells. Vered Raz, Françoise Carlotti, Bart J. Vermolen, Egge van der Poel, Willem C. R. Sloos, Shoshan Knaän-Shanzer, Antoine A. F. de Vries, Rob C. Hoeben, Ian T. Young, Hans J. Tanke, Yuval Garini, and Roeland W. Dirks. J. Cell Sci., 119: 4247-4256 2006).
24. The telomeric protein TRF2 is critical for the protection of A549 cells from both telomere erosion and DNA double-strand breaks driven b salvicine. Zhang Y, Z Zhang, Z Miao, J Ding. Mol Pharmacol 73:824-832 (2008). A459 human alveolar basal epithelial cancer cell line:
IF [Figs 2A (top left) and, 5B]
ChIP (Fig. 2C),
WB [Figs. 2A (top right, bottom left, and right), 2B (bottom left), 3F (The TRF2 antibody was SiRNA validated using TRF2 SiRNA and mock-transfected A549 cells)], 

25. Telomere elongation by a mutant tankyrase 1 without TRF1 poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Muramatsu Y, H Tahara, T Ono, T Tsuruo, H Seimiya. Exp Cell Res 314: 1115-1124 (2008). WB; human HTC75 cells, Fig 4A.
26. MLL associates with telomeres and regulates telomeric repeat-containing RNA transcription.  Caslini C, JA Connelly, A Serna, D Broccoli, JL Hess. Mol Cell Biol 29:4519-4526 (2009). 
IMGENEX antibodies cited: TRF2 mAb (IMG-124a) and TRF2 pAb (IMG-148a) for ChIP, IF and WB.   
Cell llnes utilized: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) RS4;11 and ALL-PO cell lines, and the monoblastic, pre-B, and T-lineage leukemia cell lines U937, Nalm6, and Jurkat, respectively. 
There are multiple figures throughout the text and supplement where the TRF2 antibodies are used, refer to the publication for details. Note: see Figs 3 and S4A for TRF2 siRNA antibody validation by WB.  
27. G-Quadruplex stabilizer 3,6-Bis(1-4-vinlypyridinium)carbazole diiiodide induces accelerated senescence and inhibits tumorigenic properties in cancer cells. Huang F, C Chang, P Lou, I Kuo, C Chien, C Chen, F Shieh, T Chang, J Lin. Molecular Cancer Research 6: 955-964 (2008). IF (human H1299 cancer cells), Fig. 5D.
28. DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of TRF2 is required for the fast pathway of DNA double-strnad break repair.  Huda N, Tanaka H, Mendonca M S, Gilley D.  Molecular Cellular Biology doi:10.1128/MCB.00944-08. 
WB (HT1080 cells induced with TRF2), Fig. 1a
WB (HT1080 cells irradiated with Gy induced with TRF2 or Dox-treated), Fig. 1b
WB (HT1080 cells irradiated with Gy), Fig. 1c
WB (HT1080 cells irradiated with Gy), Fig. 1d
WB (HT1080 cells induced with TRF2), Fig. 3c
29. TRF1 is a critical trans-acting factor required for de novo telomere formation in human cells. Okabe J, A Eguchi, A Masago, T Hayakawa, M Nakanishi. Hum Mol Genet 9:2639-2650 (2000). WB: Fig 4B (human cell lines [HeLa, 293, Raji, Saos-2 and others), Fig 4C (human primary fibroblasts and PBMC). Endogenous TRF2 was detected as a single or doublet band with apparent sizes of 65 and 69 kDa. The differences in these bands were not characterized. 
30. G-Quadruplex stabilization by telomestatin induces TRF2 protein dissociation from telomeres and anaphase bridge formation accompanied by loss of the 3' telomeric overhang in cancer cells. Tahara H, K shin-ya, H Seimiya, H Yamada, T Tsuruo, T Ide.Oncogene 25: 1955-1966 (2006)..1. WB [MRC-5-hTERT (immortalized human fibroblasts), 90p (breast epithelial cells), HeLa, SiHa (human cervical carcinoma cell line), MCF-7], Fig 4a. .2. ChIP (SiHa, MCF-7, HeLa, 90p), Fig 4b-d..3. IF (SiHa), Fig 5.. .
31. Involvement of human ORC and TRF2 in pre-replication complex assembly at telomeres. Tatsumi Y, K Ezura, K Yoshida, T Yugawa, M Narisawa-Saito, T Kiyono, S Ohta, C Obuse, M Fujita. Genes to Cells 13:1045-1059 (2008). HeLa cells were used with TRF2 IMG-124A (clone 4A794.15) mAb in the below figures. 
IF: Fig 3A
WB: Figs 3E, 4A, 4B, 5A (shTRF2 retroviral infected HeLa), 5, 6A
ChIP: Figs 3B, 3C, 3F, 5D, 5F, 5H, 6B, 6C.
Note: The TRF2 antibody was shRNA validated in Fig 5A by WB using TRF2 retroviral infected HeLa cells. 
32. G-Quadruplex stabilization by telomestatin induces TRF2 protein dissociation from telomeres and anaphase bridge formation accompanied by loss of the 3' telomeric overhang in cancer cells. Tahara H, K shin-ya, H Seimiya, H Yamada, T Tsuruo, T Ide.Oncogene 25: 1955-1966 (2006).
1. WB [MRC-5-hTERT (immortalized human fibroblasts), 90p (breast epithelial cells), HeLa, SiHa (human cervical carcinoma cell line), MCF-7], Fig 4a
2. ChIP (SiHa, MCF-7, HeLa, 90p), Fig 4b-d
3. IF (SiHa), Fig 5
33. Regulation of Epstein-Barr virus OriP replication by PARP1. Tempera I, Z Deng, C Atanasiu, C Chen, M D'Erme, P Lieberman. J Virol. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02333-09. IMGENEX products cited:
1. TNKS1 (IMG-146) WB, Fig 5A, Raji nuclear cell extract.
2. TRF2 (IMG-124A) WB, Fig 5A, Rajji nuclear cell extract.
34. Androgen receptor interacts with telomeric proteins in prostate cancer cells. Kim S, M Richardson, K Chinnakannu, V Bai, M Menon, E Barrack, G Reddy, J Bio Chem 285: 10472-10476 (2010). IMGENEX product cited: TRF2 (IMG-124A).
1. IF, Fig 1B: LNCaP cells treated with Casodex.
2. WB, Fig 2C: LNCaP cells treated with Casodex.
3. WB, Fig 4A: LNCaP, PPC-1, PC-3, and normal prostate epithelial cells.
4. IP, Fig 4B: LNCaP cells, detection of TRF2 following IP of AR (results showed that TRF2 CO-IP'd with AR).
35. Regulation of Epstein-barr virus OriP replication by poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1. Tempera I, Z Deng, C Atanasiu, C Chen, M Erme, P Lieberman. J Virol 84: 4988-4997 (2010). TRF2 (IMG-124A) and Tankyrase (IMG-146A) were both detected using western blot, Raji nuclear extracts, Fig 5A.
36. TIN2-Tethered TPP1 recruits human telomerase to telomeres in vivo. Abreu E, E Aritonovska, P Reichenbach, G Cristofari, B Culp, R Terns, J Lingner, M Terns. Mol Cell Biol 30: 2971-2982 (2010).
IF, HeLa and TPP1 depleted super telomerase HeLa cells, Fig 6.
37. Human telomeric protein TRF2 associates with genomic double-strand breaks as an early response to DNA damage. Paul S Bradshaw, Dimitrios J Stavropoulos, M Stephen Meyn. Nature Genetics 37, 193-197 (2005). WB: irradiated human skin fibroblasts, Fig 6.


Research purposes only. Not for diagnostic or in vivo use. This product is guaranteed to perform as indicated on the datasheet for one year from the date of purchase.

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