Monoclonal Antibody to DR4 (Clone 32A242)

Background
Cells undergo programmed cell death in response to various stimuli. Apoptosis is essential for morphogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and host defense (5). It is induced by certain cytokines including TNF and Fas ligand in the TNF family through their death domain containing receptors, TNFR1 and Fas. A death domain containing receptor was identified and designated DR4 (4). The ligand for this death receptor has been identified and termed TRAIL (2,3), which is a new member in the TNF family. DR4 is also called TRAIL receptor-1 (TRAILR1) (1). DR4 is expressed in most human tissues including spleen, peripheral blood leukocytes, small intestine and thymus. Like TNFR1, Fas and DR3, DR4 mediates apoptosis and NF-kB activation in many tissues and cells.

Antigen
This monoclonal antibody was raised against a peptide corresponding to amino acid 2 to 21 of human DR4.

Application Notes

Genebank Info (Protein)
NP_003835

Reference
1. Ellis, R.E., Yuan, J. and Horvitz, H.R. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 7: 663-698 (1991).
2. Pan G; O'Rourke K; Chinnaiyan AM; O'Rourke K; Gentz R; Ebner R; Ni J; Dixit VM. The receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL.  Science; 1997;276:111-113.
3. Wiley SR, Schooley K, Smolak PJ, Din WS, Huang CP, Nicholl JK, Sutherland GR, Smith TD, Rauch C, Smith CA, et al. Identification and characterization of a new member of the TNF family that induces apoptosis. Immunity 1995;3:673-682.
4. Pitti RM; Marsters SA; Ruppert S; Donahue CJ; Moore A; Ashkenazi A. Induction of apoptosis by Apo-2 ligand, a new member of the tumor necrosis factor cytokine family. J. Biol. Chem. 1996;271:12687-90.
5. Schneider P, Thome M, Burns K, Bodmer JL, Hofmann K, Kataoka T, Holler N, Tschopp J. TRAIL receptors 1 (DR4) and 2 (DR5) signal FADD-dependent apoptosis and activate NF-kB. Immunity 1997;7:831-836.
6. van Geelen, C.M., Pennarun,B., Le,P.T., de Vries,E.G. and de Jong,S. Modulation of TRAIL resistance in colon carcinoma cells: different contributions of DR4 and DR5. BMC Cancer 11, 39 (2011).
7. Yaqin Zhang and Baolin Zhang. TRAIL Resistance of Breast Cancer Cells Is Associated with Constitutive Endocytosis of Death Receptors 4 and 5. Mol Cancer Res December 2008 6; 1861.
8. Ren YG, Wagner KW, Knee DA, et al. Differential regulation of the TRAIL death receptors DR4 and DR5 by the signal recognition particle. Mol Biol Cell 2004;15:5064