Background
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyzes the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that it also is involved in a number of cellular processes such as membrane fusion, phosphotransferase activity, DNA replication and repair, and nuclear RNA export. GAPDH has also been implicated in playing a role in different pathologies such as cancer progression, apoptosis, and neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease. GAPDH is constitutively expressed at high levels in almost all tissues and cell lines making it ideal for use as a loading control marker in immunoblots.

Antigen
Amino acids 73-87 (PITIFQERDPSKIKW) of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein were used as the immunogen.

Application Notes
The amino acid sequence used as immunogen is 100% homologous in human, baboon, chimp and macaque, 93% in pig, rat and gerbil, and 86% mouse, cat and salamander.

Genebank Info (Protein)
NP_002037

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Reference
1. Burke JR, Enghild JJ, Martin ME, Jou YS, Myers RM, Roses AD, Vance JM,Strittmatter WJ. Huntingtin and DRPLA proteins selectively interact with the enzyme GAPDH. Nat Med. 1996 Mar;2(3):347-50. PMID: 8612237
2. Fortun, J., W.A. Dunn, S. Joy, J. Li, and L. Notterpek. 2003. Emerging role for autophagy in the removal of aggresomes in Schwann Cells. J. Neurosci. 23: 10672-10680.
3. Ellis,R.C., J.N. Earnhardt, R.L. Hayes, K.K. Wang, and D.K. Anderson. 2004. Cathepsin B mRNA and protein expression following contusion spinal cord injury in rats. J. Nuerochem. 88:689-697.

Product Citations
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2. Allosteric inhibition of the nonMyristoylated c-AbI tyrosine kinase by phosphopeptides derived from Abi1/Hssh3bp1. Xiong X, P Cui, S Hossain, R Xu, B  Warner, X Guo, X  An, A Debnath, D Cowburn, L Kotula. BBA - Molecular Cell Research doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.01.028 (2008). WB (human LNCaP cells), Fig. 4D.
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4. Unique cell surface expression of receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 in human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Sivasubramianian B, K Kwong, T Hofer, J Levy, M Kennedy, E Lee, L Staudt, W Wilson, A Wiestner, C Rader. Clinical Cancer Research 14:396-404 (2008). WB (human B-cell chronic lymphocytic  leukemia (B-CLL) cell lysates), Fig. 5 (bottom).
5. Influenza A virus matrix protein 1-specific human CD8⁺ T-cell response induced in trivalent inactivated vaccine recipients. Terjima M, J Cruz, A Leporati, L Orphin, J Babon, M Co, P Pazoles, J Jameson, F Ennis. JVI 82: 9283-9283 (2008). WB (human CD8⁺ T cells), Fig. 2.
6. Role of c-Abl kinase in DNA mismatch repair-dependent G₂ cell cycle checkpoint arrest responses.  Wagner M, L Li, J Morales, C Galindo, H Garner, W Bornmann, D Boothman. JBC 31:21382-21393 (2008). WB (human colon cancer cells), Figs. 1A, 5A, 8A.
7. Human small G proteins, ObgH1 and ObgH2, participate in the maintenance of mitochondria and nucleolar architectures.  Hirano Y, R Ohniwo, C Wada, S Yoshimura, K Takeyasu. Genes to Cells 11: 1295-1304 (2006).  WB (HeLa S3 cells), fig. 4B.