Polyclonal Antibody to TLR4 (CD284)

Background
The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family in mammal comprises a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by multiple copies of leucine rich repeats in the extracellular domain and IL-1 receptor motif in the cytoplasmic domain. Like its counterparts in Drosophila, TLRs signal through adaptor molecules (1). The TLR family is a phylogenetically conserved mediator of innate immunity that is essential for microbial recognition (2). Ten human homologs of TLRs (TLR1-10) have been described (3). Among this family of receptors, TLR2 and TLR4 have been most studied. These studies have suggested that TLR2 and TLR4 may serve as potential main mediators of LPS signaling (4,5). The mouse TLR4 cDNA codes for a protein consisting of 839 amino acids with approximate molecular weight of 90 kDa (6).

Antigen
This antibody was developed against a sythetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 420-435 (GLEQLEHLDFQHSNLK) of human TLR4.

Application Notes
This antibody was tested against partial recombinant mouse TLR4 (extracellular portion), and a 75-80 kDa band was observed.

Genebank Info (Protein)
NP_612564

Reference
1. The human toll signaling pathway: divergence of nuclear factor _kB and JNK/SAPK activation upstream of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). JMuzio M, G Natoli , S Saccani, M Levrero, and A Mantovani. J. Exp. Med. 187: 2097-2101 (1998).
2. Innate immunity: the virtues of a non-clonal system of recognition. Medzhitov R and Janeway CA. Cell 91: 295-298 (1997).
3. Identification of hTLR10: a novel human Toll-like receptor preferentially expressed in immune cells. Chuang TH and Ulevitch RJ. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1518 (1-2): 157-161 (2001).
4. Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell wall components. Takeuchi O., Hoshino K, Kawai T, Sanjo H, Takada H, Ogawa K, Takeda K and Akira S. Immunity 11: 443 (1999).
5. Poltorak A, Riccardi-Castagnoli P, Citterio S, and Butler B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 97: 2163-2167 (2000).
6. Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P and Janeway CA Jr. Nature 388 (6640), 394-397 (1997).
7. Mohammed A. Khan, Caixia Ma, Leigh A. Knodler, Yanet Valdez, Carrie M. Rosenberger, Wanyin Deng, B. Brett Finlay, Bruce A. Vallance. Toll-Like Receptor 4 Contributes to Colitis Development but Not to Host Defense during Citrobacter rodentium Infection in Mice. Infect Immun. 2006 May; 74(5): 2522–2536.
8. Mark R. Hutchinson, Yingning Zhang, Mitesh Shridhar, John H. Evans, Madison M. Buchanan, Tina X. Zhao, Peter F. Slivka, Benjamen D. Coats, Niloofar Rezvani, Julie Wieseler, Travis S. Hughes, Kyle E. Landgraf, Stefanie Chan, Stephanie Fong, Simon Phipps, Joseph J. Falke, Leslie A. Leinwand, Steven F. Maier, Hang Yin, Kenner C. Rice, Linda R. Watkins. Evidence that opioids may have toll like receptor 4 and MD-2 effects. Brain Behav Immun. 2010 January; 24(1): 83–95.