Background
Principal Names: Ataxia telangiectasia mutated Official Gene Symbol: ATM Gene ID: 472 (Human) Gene Map Locus: 11q22-q23 (Human). ATM gene is large, spanning about 150 kbs of genomic DNA, and is located on chromosome 11q22-23. It belongs to a family of proteins, conserved from yeast to humans that regulate cell-cycle checkpoints and are involved in DNA repair and recombination. The protein has a carboxy-terminal sequence with significant homology to the catalytic domain of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase. In response to DNA damage agents such as ionizing irradiation and chemical agent cisplatin, ATM kinase is activated, leading to a cascade of kinase reactions regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair . Besides it also regulates radiation sensitivity, and cellular proliferation. Many downstream target molecules of ATM kinase were so far identified. These target proteins include p53/TP53, FANCD2, NFKBIA, BRCA1, CTIP, nibrin (NBN), TERF1, RAD9 and DCLRE1C. Mutations in the gene contribute to human cancer-associated diseases ataxia-telangiectasia, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. It is generally expressed in pancreas, kidney, skeletal muscle, liver, lung, placenta, brain, heart, spleen, thymus, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon and leukocytes. |
Application Notes
We suggest an incubation period of 30 minutes at room temperature. However, depending upon the fixation conditions and the staining system employed, optimal incubation should be determined by the end user. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections require high temperature antigen unmasking with 10 mM citrate buffer, pH 6.0 prior to immunostaining. Specificity: This antibody reacts with a 350 kD protein known as ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated). ATM protein phosphorylates p53 on serine 15 near the N terminus, thereby contributing to the activation and stabilization of p53 during the IR-induced DNA damage response. This antibody cross reacts with mouse. Cellular Localization: Nuclear. |
